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| The Artful Fabric of Collecting |
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| Jordan Schnitzner Museum of Art, University of Oregon
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Chinese textiles from the collection of Gertrude Bass Warner (1863-1951), who… was particularly drawn to silk textiles and the people who produced them, primarily the women in private households and commercial workshops. Techniques and patterns of weaving silk for Chinese robes are demonstrated on the site. It was only in the 17th century when the production of court orders began to overwhelm the imperial workshops that commercial workshops took over some of the production. In these commercial workshops, most of them located in the Jiangnan area, the center of China’s silk production, male weavers relegated women to the groundworks of silk production: the rearing of the silkworms and reeling the silk of the cocoons. Embroidery remained the domain of women. They were the master embroiderers who developed the art to its height in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Their legacy can be admired in the textiles from the Warner collection.
Go to Museum Resource: https://glam.uoregon.edu/s/fabric-of-collecting/page/welcome | |
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| Asian Influences on European Art |
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| Getty Museum
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Explore with your class Asian influences on European art in the 18th century in this lesson plan. Discover ways to engage your students in the investigation of chinoiserie, the cultural and artistic trend that produced objects and paintings reflecting Chinese subjects and motifs. In its broadest sense, chinoiserie was meant to evoke the spirit and decorative forms of faraway lands as diverse as China, Japan, India, and the Middle East.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/classroom_resources/curricula/asian_inf... | |
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| Ch'ing (Qing), 1644-1912 |
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| Minneapolis Institute of Arts
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"The last Chinese dynasty began on a positive note -- of energetic collecting, cataloging, and exporting -- but ended disastrously." A brief, one-paragraph overview, along with a map, a video clip featuring an MIA curator, and 445 objects from the period.
Go to Museum Resource: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-ching.cfm | |
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| China on Paper: European and Chinese Works from the Late Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century |
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| Getty Museum
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Online presentation of a 2007-08 exhibition presenting "works on paper from the special collections of the Research Library at the Getty Research Institute that document the fascinating story of cultural exchanges between Chinese and Europeans in the early-modern era." With text discussing the key role that Jesuit missionaries in China played in the story of this exchange, illustrated with six works from the exhibition.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/china_paper/ | |
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| China’s Long Nineteenth Century – Foreign Influence and the End of Dynastic China |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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Students will be able to explain the various reasons why the Qing dynasty was weakened during the nineteenth century, especially with regard to the outside influence of foreign powers.
Go to Museum Resource: https://asia.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/les... | |
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| China’s ‘China’: Porcelain’s Contribution to World History and Culture |
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| China Institute
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A simple and clear-cut way of demonstrating the significant impact that Chinese porcelain has had on global material culture over many centuries is to consider the very word ‘China’ in the English language: the word refers not only to the country but is also synonymous with the porcelain pottery ware that began to circulate in Europe almost as soon as European ships rounded the Cape of Good Hope and increasingly established direct trade relations with China and other Asian countries. Ceramic pottery is, of course, as old as human civilization and found around the globe; but the unique quality and properties of porcelain—its considerable strength, translucency, and high resistance to thermal shock—make it one of the great contributions Chinese civilization has made to world cultures.
Go to Museum Resource: https://china360online.org/?property=appreciation-capitals | |
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| Chinese American: Exclusion/Inclusion [PDF] |
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| Chinese Historical Society of America
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Curriculum materials to accompany the New York Historical Society 2015 exhibition, “Chinese American: Exclusion/Inclusion” that explores the complex history of Chinese Americans. The exhibition’s title encapsulates the challenges of immigration, citizenship, and belonging that shaped both the Chinese American experience and the development of the United States as a nation.
Go to Museum Resource: https://chsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Chinese-American-Classroom-Material... | |
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| Chinese Calligraphy |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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An overview of the development of calligraphy in China: "Calligraphy, or the art of writing, was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China. The genres of painting and calligraphy emerged simultaneously, sharing identical tools—namely, brush and ink. Yet calligraphy was revered as a fine art long before painting; indeed, it was not until the Song dynasty, when painting became closely allied with calligraphy in aim, form, and technique, that painting shed its status as mere craft and joined the higher ranks of the fine arts. With images of 16 paintings from the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties and two related objects.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chcl/hd_chcl.htm | |
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| Chinese Handscrolls |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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An overview of the Chinese handscroll format: "A significant difference between Eastern and Western painting lies in the format. Unlike Western paintings, which are hung on walls and continuously visible to the eye, most Chinese paintings are not meant to be on constant view but are brought out to be seen only from time to time. This occasional viewing has everything to do with format." With images of 18 paintings from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chhs/hd_chhs.htm | |
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| Chinese Jades of the Qing Dynasty [PDF] |
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| Harn Museum of Art, University of Florida
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Collector fashions during the 18th century called for jade boulders to be left in their natural shapes and carved with landscape and figural designs. Similar to paintings, these boulders represented miniature worlds that could stimulate the scholar's imagination or provide a kind of mental retreat. Lesson plan.
Go to Museum Resource: http://harn.ufl.edu/linkedfiles/k-12resource-chinesejades.pdf | |
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| Cultivated Landscapes: Reflections of Nature in Chinese Painting |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Online presentation of a 2002-2003 exhibition that encompasses "landscapes and garden scenes dating from the Five Dynasties period (907–960) to the late twentieth century" and explores the "manifold uses of natural imagery in Chinese painting as a reflection of human beliefs and emotions." With images of 8 related artworks. See also the exhibition publication.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2002/cultivated-landscapes | |
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| Designing with Numbers |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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Students will look closely at a Qing dynasty court robe known as a chaofu. They will learn about the beliefs in Chinese numerology and its relationship to language. After counting the symbols, they will learn why specific numbers of special images appear on the robe. Several related math problems are included.
Go to Museum Resource: https://asia.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/les... | |
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| Diving Deeper into Buddhism – Guanyin |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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Students who are already familiar with Siddhartha Gautama, or Shakyamuni, the Historical Buddha, will deepen their understanding of Buddhist beliefs and artwork. They will analyze and interpret works of art that reveal how people live around the world and what they value. They will identify how works of art reflect times, places, cultures, and beliefs.
Go to Museum Resource: https://asia.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/les... | |
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| East and West: Chinese Export Porcelain |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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An introduction to Chinese export porcelain -- objects produced in China specifically for export to the West, beginning in the early 16th century. With 12 related artworks.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ewpor/hd_ewpor.htm | |
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| Exploring Chinese Painting: A Test Module for Undergraduate Teaching |
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| Columbia University, Media Center for Art History
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A workspace allowing students to view and compare a group of important Chinese hand scrolls and hanging scrolls from the 10th to the 17th centuries. Uses Flash.
Go to Museum Resource: http://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/nehasian/zoomify/scrolls/swf/start.html | |
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| The Forbidden City (Imperial Palace of China) |
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| The Palace Museum, Beijing
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Provides an annotated map of the Palace with live links to images and background on each of the locations. The Imperial Palace was “the center of imperial governance and family life, the Forbidden City consists of various structures that were designed for specific functions. Each structure was built in accordance with the traditional Chinese architectural hierarchy and designed to reflect imperial power and authority.”
Go to Museum Resource: https://en.dpm.org.cn/collections/architecture/ | |
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| Imperial Elegance: Chinese Ceramics from the Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection |
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| Asia Society
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"This exhibition reveals the broad range of aesthetics that appealed to Chinese imperial patrons of Chinese ceramics during a period that spans more than six hundred years, from the Song (960–1279) through the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). Selected works have been grouped to show how color and form in imperial ceramics can provide clues to their function. A final section explores some of the meanings represented by the decorative motifs found on imperial ceramics."
Go to Museum Resource: http://sites.asiasociety.org/arts/imperialelegance/index.html | |
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| Imperial Silks (of the Manchu Court) |
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| Minneapolis Institute of Arts
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"When the nomadic Manchu warriors overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and founded Ch'ing [Qing], they took over the world's largest population, greatest bureaucracy, and one of the most luxurious courts in existence. They remained, however, a clear minority... To ease an orderly political transition while guarding against total cultural assimilation, the Manchus adjusted to a Chinese style bureaucracy and adopted the Buddhist religion while simultaneously enforcing certain ethnic and cultural differences. One of the clearest distinctions made was that of court attire." An overview, plus 14 related examples of court attire from the Manchu period, all with descriptions.
Go to Museum Resource: http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/explore/explore-collection-imperial-silk... | |
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| The Influence of East Asian Lacquer on European Furniture |
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| Victoria and Albert Museum
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When lacquered objects made in East Asia first reached Europe in about the early 16th century, they were highly prized for their flawless finish and light-reflecting qualities. Lacquer became available to European elites, along with other luxury items including silk and porcelain, once Portuguese explorers discovered a sea route to the East around the southern tip of Africa and across the Indian Ocean. The flow of goods increased in the early 17th century when the Dutch and English East India Companies began to bring goods to markets in Amsterdam and London. By 1700 many European country houses and palaces contained examples of East Asian export lacquer. Asian lacquer was admired as a precious and mysterious material.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/east-asian-lacquer-influence | |
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| John Thomson's China: Illustrations of China and Its People (1873-1874) |
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| Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Visualizing Cultures
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"John Thomson, born in Edinburgh, was the first Western photographer to travel widely through the length and breadth of China. This unit is a full reproduction of his celebrated Illustrations of China and Its People: A Series of Two Hundred Photographs, with Letterpress Descriptive of the Places and People Represented, published in four volumes from 1873 to 1874." With an in-depth essay by Allen Hockley, professor of art history at Dartmouth College.
Go to Museum Resource: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/john_thomson_china_01/index.html | |
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| Laufer China Expedition (1901-1904) |
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| American Museum of Natural History
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Featuring more than 6,500 objects from China and Tibet, acquired between 1901 and 1904 during the Jacob H. Schiff expedition to China led by sinologist Berthold Laufer… exploring the history and culture of a sophisticated people that had not yet experienced the industrial transformation… The collection includes "objects used in daily life, agriculture, folk religion, medicine, and in the practice of such crafts as printing, bookbinding, carpentry, enamelware, ceramics, and laquerware. [Laufer] also collected antique bronzes and Han Dynasty ceramics[, and his] interest in the theater led him to make the most extensive collection of Chinese puppets in North America including shadow puppets, rod puppets, and glove puppets in several regional styles, and to record performances on wax cylinders. The collection also includes costumes, musical instruments, and stilts for the Yang Ko folk drama."
Go to Museum Resource: https://anthro.amnh.org/laufer_collection | |
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| Playing with Shadows: An Introduction to Shadow Puppetry |
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| The Kennedy Center, ArtsEdge
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"Discover the secrets behind the art of shadow puppetry in this multimedia exploration, designed for grades 5-8, which explores this age-old art form through animations, videos, interactive activities, and more." With questions for discussion and two related lesson plans (see left-hand column): "Puppets on the Move: China and the Silk Road" and "Shadows & Light, Science & Puppetry." Uses Flash.
Go to Museum Resource: https://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/multimedia/series/AEMicrosites/playing-with... | |
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| The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911): Painting |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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A discussion of painting during the Qing dynasty, with a focus on three principal groups of artists working during the Qing: the traditionalists, the individualists, and the courtiers and professional artists. With 14 related artworks.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/qing_1/hd_qing_1.htm | |
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| Rank and Style: Power Dressing in Imperial China |
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| Pacific Asia Museum of USC
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"Rank and Style: Power Dressing in Imperial China is an educational and interactive exploration of how the Chinese elite in the Ming and Qing dynasties expressed status through insignia of rank and the robes and accessories that went with them. It draws on the extensive collections of the Pacific Asia Museum as well as several private collections." Includes a glossary of textile terms and symbols, a chronology, discussion questions, and a reading list. Teaching Unit at the link below. See also Introduction.
Go to Museum Resource: https://pacificasiamuseum.usc.edu/exhibitions/past/exhibitions-at-usc-pam-prior... | |
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| Recording the Grandeur of the Qing |
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| Columbia University, Asia for Educators
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This interactive teaching unit gives the viewer unprecedented access to four monumental artworks of the Qing period – four of the twenty-four southern inspection tour scrolls commissioned by the Qing emperors Kangxi (r. 1662-1722) and Qianlong (r. 1736-1795). Each of the four featured scrolls is displayed online in its entirety, with key details annotated by Metropolitan Museum of Art curator Maxwell K. Hearn. Five background essays by Dr. Hearn and Columbia history professor Madeleine Zelin serve as guides to the historical and artistic context in which the scrolls were created. Produced in cooperation with the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Go to Museum Resource: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/qing/index.html | |
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| Remembering 1882: Fighting for Civil Rights in the Shadow of the Chinese Exclusion Act |
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| Chinese Historical Society of America
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"In 1882 Congress passed the nation's first major immigration legislation -- a law to prevent people of Chinese descent from entering the United States. Remembering 1882 explores the historical debate around the Exclusion Act from its origins through its full repeal in 1968, the civil rights struggle of Chinese Americans and allies, and the historic importance of habeas corpus in the Chinese American community."
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.civilrightssuite.org/crs/InfoPage.php/iID/180 | |
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| Rise & Fall of the Canton Trade System |
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| Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Visualizing Cultures
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"The images in this unit portray the abundant variety of commercial, art, and craft goods exchanged in the Canton region during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Three cities became the center of the trading system that linked China to the Western European powers and the United States. Macau, the oldest, stayed under Portuguese control from 1557 to 1999. Canton gathered traders from Europe, Southeast Asia, the U.S., and the rest of China. Hong Kong, acquired by the British after the Opium War, grew from a small fishing village to a major international port during the 19th century." With three in-depth essays by Peter C. Perdue, professor of history at Yale, plus an extensive image gallery and a curriculum guide.
Go to Museum Resource: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/rise_fall_canton_01/index.html | |
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| Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove |
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| Asia Society
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"The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove were a group of Chinese learned men from the third century CE. During a time of political upheaval, the group distanced themselves from governmental service, choosing instead to spend time engaged in Daoist-inspired discussions, poetry, and music, sometimes while inebriated. ... Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, featuring traditional works of art from China and Japan, has been organized to accompany and provide some cultural context for Asia Society’s exhibition of Seven Intellectuals in a Bamboo Forest, the contemporary video work by Chinese artist Yang Fudong."
Go to Museum Resource: https://asiasociety.org/new-york/exhibitions/seven-sages-bamboo-grove | |
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| The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 in Woodblock Prints from China and Japan |
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| The British Library
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Produced in conjunction with theJapan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR), this web exhibition “The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895： as seen in prints and archives” has been produced as a collaboration between the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR) and the British Library. Its aim is to bring together the collection of prints of the Sino-Japanese War held by the British Library and documents made public by JACAR to show how the events of the Sino-Japanese War were depicted and recorded by the people of the time. Both the Japanese and the Chinese prints included in this special web exhibition were produced at the time of the Sino-Japanese War to show the people of their respective countries what the war was like, a role played nowadays by news photographs. Therefore each country had a tendency to portray its own soldiers as strong and brave, but those of the opposing country as weak and small. Moreover many of the depictions seem to be based not on actual observation of the locations or events but on hearsay. Indeed some of them show scenes which could not have happened. From this it is clearly evident that these works were intended as propaganda at the time.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/jacarbl-fsjwar-e/index.html | |
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| Talavera de Puebla |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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A brief discussion of blue-and-white Talavera pottery produced in Puebla, Mexico, which was influenced by Chinese export porcelain passing through Mexico on its way to Europe.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tala/hd_tala.htm | |
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| Throwing Off Asia II: Woodblock Prints of the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) |
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| Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Visualizing Cultures
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"The 'Westernization' of Japan included strengthening the military and engaging in major wars against both China and Tsarist Russia. These remarkable propaganda prints illustrate Japan's startling victory in the Sino-Japanese War." See the ESSAY section for an in-depth, illustrated reading of the images from the historical record. See the VISUAL NARRATIVES section for a shorthand view of the unit's primary themes and images. A CURRICULUM section for teachers and students can be found under the "Throwing Off Asia II" menu at the top of the page.
Go to Museum Resource: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/throwing_off_asia_02/index.html | |
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| Timeline of Art History: China, 1600–1800 A.D. |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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"The weakening of the Ming dynasty in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century paves the way for the Manchu takeover of China in the mid-seventeenth." With a period overview, list of key events, and 10 related artworks. Also has links to additional information about the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, an abridged list of Chinese emperors, and timelines of Japan and Korea during this time.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=09®ion=eac | |
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| Timeline of Art History: China, 1800–1900 A.D. |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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"After the reign of Qianlong (r. 1736–95), China encounters a succession of economic and political crises that shake the foundation of the empire." With a period overview, list of key events, and 10 related artworks. Also has links to additional information about the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), an abridged list of Chinese emperors, and timelines of Japan and Korea during this time.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=10®ion=eac | |
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| Timeline of Art History: China, 1900 A.D.–present |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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"The twentieth century witnesses the fall of the Qing dynasty, and with it, the ancient imperial system." With a period overview, list of key events, and 8 related artworks. Also has links to additional information about the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), traditional Chinese painting in the 20th century, an abridged list of Chinese emperors, and timelines of Japan and Korea during this time.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=eac | |
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| To Enjoy and Defend Our American Citizenship |
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| Chinese Historical Society of America
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This exhibit "(explores) the experiences of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance in their groundbreaking work alongside groups such as the NAACP to challenge discriminatory laws and create the support systems necessary for survival in a segregated United States."
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.civilrightssuite.org/OurAmericanCitizenship/index.php/iID/232 | |
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| Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia |
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| The British Library
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Trading Places "follows the journey of one of the biggest multinationals in history -- the East India Company." Includes a company timeline and "fact file," as well as extensive information on the history of the company and its activities in Asia. Also includes an in-depth look at the history of Bombay. With maps and images throughout. Asia used to be known as 'The East Indies.' Pepper, spices, medicinal drugs, aromatic woods, perfumes and silks were rare commodities in Europe, and therefore valuable. Trading in them could make you a fortune. And for this chance many were willing to risk their lives. There were three great empires in Asia: the Ottoman Turkish; the Mughal; the Chinese. Each was wealthy and sophisticated and had its own international trading network. How could Europe open up its own trading routes to Asia?"
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/trading/tradingplaces.html | |
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| When the Manchus Ruled China: Painting under the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Online presentation of a 2002 exhibition. "The most comprehensive exhibition of Qing dynasty painting ever mounted in the West, this selection of more than 60 works will focus on painting under the brilliant reigns of the Kangxi (r. 1662–1722) and Qianlong (r. 1736–95) emperors—a period when the Manchus embraced Chinese cultural traditions and the court became a leading patron in the arts." With images of 6 related artworks.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2002/qing-dynasty-painting | |
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| Work of Giants: The Chinese and the Building of the First Transcontinental Railroad |
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| Chinese Historical Society of America
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Museum unit memorializing the efforts of the 12,000 Chinese laborers who worked on the Central Pacific portion of the Transcontinental Railroad. The involvement of Chinese workers in the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad is common knowledge. We hope to present information that enhances the basic facts–that the Chinese railroad workers were the backbone of the enormous construction project to carve a road through granite of the Sierra Nevada, ever diligent and efficient, adapting to new construction techniques, and enduring harsh working and living conditions, which all resulted in the completion of the railroad ahead of schedule. The Transcontinental Railroad is an American legacy, a triumph of the human spirit and a cornerstone of the history of Chinese in America.
Go to Museum Resource: https://chsa.org/exhibits/online-exhibits/work-of-giants-the-chinese-and-the-bu... | |
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| Yin Yu Tang: A Chinese Home |
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| Peabody Essex Museum
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"Yin Yu Tang, a late Qing dynasty merchants' house, was originally located in southeastern China. Re-erected at the Peabody Essex Museum, Yin Yu Tang is now open to visitors." This companion website to the permanent installation at the museum allows visitors to explore "this rare example of the region's renowned architecture and to learn about the daily life of the Huang family, who lived in Yin Yu Tang for over 200 years." With in-depth text, images, and diagrams organized around the topics Orientation, Construction, Ornamentation, Belongings, and Preservation. Uses Flash.
Go to Museum Resource: http://yinyutang.pem.org/ | |
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