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| The Art of Calligraphy in Asia |
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| Princeton University Art Museum
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“Calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing, was long considered the supreme art form in China, Japan, and Korea. This elevated status reflects the importance of the written word in East Asian cultures. In ancient China, early emperors asserted their power by engraving edicts or pronouncements on stone in their own calligraphic script. The elite members of society were scholar ¬officials, whose status was attained by their command of the written word. In addition to the central role played by writing in Chinese culture, the visual form of the language also contributed to the distinctiveness of the calligraphic tradition. The vast number and complexity of the characters that make up the Chinese script presented artists with a unique platform on which to explore the creative possibilities of design. The writing of Chinese characters-which was then widely adopted in Korea around the fourth century and in Japan in the mid-sixth century-was thought to be the purest visual manifestation of the writer's inner character and level of cultivation. It was the medium through which a person's thoughts, feelings, and artistry were best conveyed. In looking at a piece of calligraphy, we may admire the way a calligrapher manipulated the brush to create an object of beauty in which rhythmic energy is conveyed through strokes and dots done with ink. Changes in ink gradation, the relationship between characters, and the elegance of a single line can entice viewers regardless of the legibility of the text.
Go to Museum Resource: https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/object-package/art-calligraphy-asia/104193 | |
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| The Arts of Kashmir |
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| Asia Society
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"The Arts of Kashmir comprises works of Buddhist, Hindu, and Islamic art, including sculpture, painting, and calligraphy loaned from collections in the U.S., Europe, and India. Many of the objects have never been seen outside of India; in some cases they have never been exhibited or published anywhere. To provide a sense of the broad artistic contributions of this famously lush and beautiful region, the exhibition includes examples of stone and bronze sculptures and manuscript paintings, in addition to the fine examples of papier-mâché, carpets, shawls, and embroidery for which Kashmir is renowned."
Go to Museum Resource: http://sites.asiasociety.org/arts/kashmir/ | |
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| Brushstrokes: Styles and Techniques of Chinese Painting [PDF] |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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"Brushpainting, which includes calligraphy, landscapes, scrolls and fans, has been a major art form throughout Chinese history. This packet explores the history, development and significance of brushpainting in Chinese art. Includes discussion of painting and calligraphy techniques, and a comparison of painting styles."
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/09/Brushstrokes.... | |
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| Calligraphy |
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| University of Washington, Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization
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"This unit will cover calligraphy in China up through the Tang dynasty, with an emphasis on the Six Dynasties and Tang. It was during this period that calligraphy first began to flourish as an art form." A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization was prepared by University of Washington history professor Patricia Buckley Ebrey. With questions for discussion, timelines, maps, and suggested readings. Select HOME to find link to teachers' guides for all topics featured on the website.
Go to Museum Resource: http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/callig/callmain.htm | |
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| Calligraphy in East Asia: Art, Communication, and Symbology |
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| Education About Asia
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An ideal introductory overview of brush calligraphy’s powerful influence on East Asia. As an artistic genre, brush calligraphy holds a central place in the cultural history in East Asia. The form of the characters used in the Chinese writing system—as well as the other writing systems that were derived from it— have long held a place of special regard in the aesthetic traditions of the region. Brush calligraphy has historically been ubiquitous in the visual culture of China, Japan, and Korea, either as a complement to another kind of image (perhaps a landscape painting or part of an illustrated book) or as a work of art in its own right; consequently, it is central to the study of East Asian art history… East Asian brush calligraphy closely integrates aspects of art, communication, and symbology, thus offering educators a particularly rich set of resources from which to draw upon. With PDF download.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/calligraphy-in-east-asia... | |
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| Capturing the Haiku Moment (Teacher’s Guide) [PDF] |
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| Portland Art Museum
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Poetic Imagination in Japanese Art: Capturing the Haiku Moment in Nature, Art, and Poetry curriculum is a series of lessons designed for 2nd–12th grade students to “awaken their senses” within the natural world. The lessons are rooting in the Japanese cultural value of Living in Harmony with Nature and find expression in the Japanese poetic form of haiku and in Japanese art.
Go to Museum Resource: https://portlandartmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Capturing-the-Haiku-Mo... | |
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| China's Calligraphic Arts |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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Six major scripts have developed over the course of more than three thousand years for writing Chinese characters, and all are still used in "artistic writing" (calligraphy) today. Each of these styles of writing—oracle bone, seal, clerical, cursive, running, and standard—has distinct differences in appearance.
Go to Museum Resource: https://asia.si.edu/learn/chinas-calligraphic-arts/ | |
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| Chinese Arts of the Brush |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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"Long before the Chinese invented paper in the first century B.C.E., they devised the round brush, which is used for both writing and painting." The unique versatility of the Chinese brush lies in its tapered tip, which is composed of a careful grouping of chosen animal hairs. Through this resilient tip flow the ever-changing linear qualities of the twin arts of the brush: calligraphy and painting. An historical overview of the "twin arts" of calligraphy and painting in Chinese art.
Go to Museum Resource: https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/gallery-guide-chinese-arts-of-the-brush/ | |
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| Chinese Calligraphy |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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An overview of the development of calligraphy in China: "Calligraphy, or the art of writing, was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China. The genres of painting and calligraphy emerged simultaneously, sharing identical tools—namely, brush and ink. Yet calligraphy was revered as a fine art long before painting; indeed, it was not until the Song dynasty, when painting became closely allied with calligraphy in aim, form, and technique, that painting shed its status as mere craft and joined the higher ranks of the fine arts. With images of 16 paintings from the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties and two related objects.
Go to Museum Resource: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chcl/hd_chcl.htm | |
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| Chinese Calligraphy and Ink Painting |
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| The Kennedy Center, ArtsEdge
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In this lesson plan "students will experience the art and culture of Chinese calligraphy and Chinese ink painting through watercolor painting and Chinese instrumental folk music ... [and] learn basic calligraphy strokes for the creation of Chinese writing as an art form." Suitable for grades 3-4.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.kennedy-center.org/education/resources-for-educators/classroom-reso... | |
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| Chinese Calligraphy: An Introduction |
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| Smart History
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Calligraphy is the world’s oldest abstract art—the art of the line. This basic visual element can also hold a symbolic charge. Nowhere has the symbolic power of the line manifested itself more fully than in Chinese calligraphy, a tradition that spans over 3,000 years. The aesthetics of calligraphy are important to the history of art in East Asia, where during much of its premodern era classical Chinese was the lingua franca (or common language). An introduction to the major types of Chinese calligraphic scripts with visuals.
Go to Museum Resource: https://smarthistory.org/chinese-calligraphy-intro/ | |
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| Create Your Own Illustrated Haiku |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry made of three lines (5 syllables, 7 syllables, 5 syllables) that is commonly a meditation on nature. Make an image using colorful paper and ink, and then write a haiku inspired by your creation. Downloads include visual instructions and an activity.
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/resources/create-your-own-illustrated-haiku/ | |
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| The Embodied Image: Chinese Calligraphy from the John B. Elliott Collection |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Online presentation of a 2000-2001 exhibition "of more than fifty-five hanging scrolls, handscrolls, and album leaves from the Elliott collection, accompanied by a nearly equal number of selections from the Metropolitan's renowned John M. Crawford Collection Jr. and private collections, constitutes the most important display of calligraphy ever assembled in the West." With images of 9 related artworks dating from the 4th to the 17th century.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2000/john-b-elliott-collection | |
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| Evolving Language: How has language changed the world? [PDF] |
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| The Field Museum
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In this lesson plan students will explore the history of writing in China and draw conclusions about the impact of the written word on human civilizations, and how language has changed over time.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/language.pdf | |
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| Explore a Japanese Handscroll: The Art of Hon'ami Kōetsu (Edo Period, early 1600s) |
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| Princeton University Art Museum
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An excellent interactive website for exploring an Edo period handscroll by Hon'ami Kōetsu (1558-1637). "In this handscroll Kōetsu transcribed ten verses from the poetry anthology Shinkokin wakashū on sheets of colored paper that are decorated on the front and back with woodblock-printed mica designs." After exploring the scroll the user can write his/her own poem (by selecting from a set of phrases) and then see this poem "written" on his/her own handscroll in the style of Kōetsu.
Go to Museum Resource: https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/asian-art/japan/viewers/poem-scroll-viewer/ | |
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| Haiku: Learning and Sharing the Beauty of Being Human (9-12) |
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| The Kennedy Center, ArtsEdge
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Over the course of two classes, students will reflect on their daily lives to find small moments of peace and/or happiness. Using these moments and/or observations, students will create a haiku and an accompanying photograph, which will be combined into a digital visual class anthology.
Go to Museum Resource: https://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/educators/lessons/grade-9-12/Haiku_Learning... | |
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| How to Paint a Lotus |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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The lotus flower is a Buddhist symbol of purity. Students will learn how to paint a lotus flower using Chinese brushpainting techniques in this hands on activity. Downloads include a lesson plan, teacher packets, visual instructions for the activity, and other resources.
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/resources/how-to-paint-a-lotus/ | |
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| An Introduction to Chinese Brushpainting Techniques |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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“Experience for yourself the art of brush-and-ink painting. Begin by learning how to hold the brush. Once you feel comfortable, experiment by applying varying degrees of pressure, speed, and moisture. Finally, create your own brushpainting masterpiece.” Downloads include visual instructions and a teachers packet.
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/resources/an-introduction-to-chinese-brushpainti... | |
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| An Introduction to Chinese Character and Brushstrokes |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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All Chinese characters are made up of a number of strokes. These strokes are painted in a prescribed order, depending on the script. Generally, strokes move from top to bottom and from left to right. Downloads include a guide "Getting Started with Chinese Calligraphy" and a Teachers Packet.
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/resources/an-introduction-to-chinese-character-a... | |
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| Islamic Calligraphy in Practice and Writing the Word of God: Calligraphy and the Qur'an |
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| Asia Society
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"This exhibition Islamic Calligraphy in Practice and its companion exhibition, Writing the Word of God: Calligraphy and the Qur’an, explore Islamic art’s quintessential art form: calligraphy. In the Islamic world, the practice of calligraphy constitutes an expression of piety. The writing of Arabic script was considered an exemplary activity for men and women of all stations due to its association with the Qur’an. ... The varied works of calligraphy on display—from practice alphabets to elaborately finished manuscripts—serve as traces of individuals, belief systems, and cultures. The costly and exotic materials lavished on writing instruments also document the international trade of the period, from 1600 to 1900, and create a rich material legacy that fuses aesthetics and piety." Topics include: 1) Tools and Materials; 2) Training and Practice; 3) Contexts for Calligraphy; 4) Writing the Word of God.
Go to Museum Resource: http://sites.asiasociety.org/islamiccalligraphy/ | |
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| Poetic Imagination in Japanese Art |
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| Portland Art Museum
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“Poetic Imagination in Japanese Art focuses on one of the great strengths of the Cowleses’ holdings: visual art closely tied to poetic traditions. Poetry, painting, and calligraphy have always been deeply intertwined in East Asia, but in Japan the nature and meaning of those relationships have evolved over time, responding to larger cultural changes. The artworks in this exhibition, spanning the eighth to 20th centuries, illuminate the central role of poetry in the visual arts across time and in diverse social contexts.”
Go to Museum Resource: https://portlandartmuseum.org/exhibitions/poetic-imagination-in-japanese-art/ | |
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| Scholar-Literati Scroll Project |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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Students will become members of the “literati/scholar” class by demonstrating their understanding of Chinese history, philosophy, and poetry. They will also display high achievement in the “Three Perfections”: calligraphy, painting, and poetry. This project is designed to be a creative alternative to daily or weekly assignments which might otherwise be assembled in a notebook or binder at the end of the 7th-grade Medieval China unit. Downloads includes handouts and maps.
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/resources/scholar-literati-scroll-project/ | |
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| Song and Yuan Dynasty Painting and Calligraphy |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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"Presented here in text and image are eighty-five works of Song and Yuan dynasty painting and calligraphy in the collection of the Freer Gallery of Art. The works are arranged in five thematic groups: secular figure painting (17 examples); landscape painting (29 examples); religious figure painting (25 examples); natural subjects (11 examples); calligraphy and rubbings (3 examples). Each group is further subdivided into topical categories arranged in rough chronological order. Some groups contain contemporary paintings created in border regions beyond the control of Song and Yuan authorities as well as a small number of Ming dynasty works that continue Yuan styles. Every work is fully documented through images and related text. Labels, frontispieces, inscriptions, colophons, and seals have been transcribed, and texts of art historical relevance are accompanied by annotated English translations."
Go to Museum Resource: https://asia.si.edu/publications/songyuan/ | |
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| A Visual Vocabulary of Brush Painting |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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The brush painting artist can achieve a multitude of effects by varying such factors as the speed and pressure applied to a brush, the size and type of brush, the amount of moisture, the manner in which different shades of ink or colors are loaded onto the brush, the angle at which the brush is held, and the type of paper or silk used for painting. Above are examples, drawn from the museum’s collection, which represent some of the more common techniques. Includes download of visual guide and instructions.
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/resources/a-visual-vocabulary-of-brushstrokes/ | |
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| Word Play: Contemporary Art by Xu Bing |
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| Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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Interactive website designed to complement a 2001 exhibition of works by contemporary artist Xu Bing, who is known for his "bold, teasingly thought-provoking works of art (that) challenge preconceptions about written communication." Includes audio interviews with the artist and interactive explorations of three works from the exhibition. Uses Flash.
Go to Museum Resource: https://archive.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/xubing/default.html | |
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| Words as Art/Art with Words: Chinese Calligraphy Teacher Packet [PDF] |
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| Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
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"How do you integrate words and art to express an idea? China’s educated elite painted artful writing, more commonly known as calligraphy, since at least the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). Chinese calligraphy is a visual art. The fluid strokes, dots and lines that form each character are its focus. The content of a calligraphic work, while sometimes inspiring or moving, is usually nothing new. What is fresh, exciting, and creative is the way it is visually expressed. In China, painting and writing developed hand in hand, sharing the same tools and techniques..."
Go to Museum Resource: https://education.asianart.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/09/Calligraphy-w... | |
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| The Written Image: Japanese Calligraphy and Painting |
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| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Online presentation of a 2002-2003 exhibition. "The Written Image: Japanese Calligraphy and Painting from the Sylvan Barnet and William Burto Collection ... traces the evolution of Japanese calligraphy from the Nara period (710–784) through the 19th century." With images of 10 related artworks.
Go to Museum Resource: https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2002/sylvan-barnet-and-william-b... | |
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